The short explanation:
The universe is a graph with two kinds of nodes connected by one-way connections. The two kinds of nodes are: "splits", which have one incoming connection and two outgoing connections; and "joins", with two incoming connections and one outgoing.
Change itself is what moves through the connections from node to node, following the correct directions. When change happens, the nodes aren't changed; only their connections to each other are changed, by being rearranged, with no loose ends left over.
The entire universe is motionless, except where a single "point of change" rearranges connections among some of the nodes near it. The point of change moves from node to node, sometimes rearranging connections as it goes:
When the point of change is at a split, there is a 50-50 chance that it will choose one path or the other to travel to, next. When the point of change is at any node, there is a 50-50 chance that that node will be moved past the one ahead of it, in the direction change moves. When a node is to be repositioned past a split, there is a 50-50 chance of putting it at one continuation or the other.
The node rearrangements are always the simplest possible, moving the fewest connections around to create the new arrangement. Any node moved will always keep a constant connection to one of the nodes it was connected with before, taking that node (and whatever nodes it is connected to) along with it.
The single point of change repeatedly moves through the universe, cycling through it. It enters the universe at the one single entrance, every cycle, and then it randomly wanders around until it finds its way out of the universe, through the one single exit every time.
Because joins have two ways for the point of change to arrive to them, they tend to move through space more than the splits near them. So, in a group of interconnected splits, a join will speed ahead and out of them, tending to purify that group of splits even further.
And similarly, in a group of joins, a split will be displaced backwards in the opposite direction that the point of change moves through there, because all the joins pass the split, making the set of joins more pure.
So, at the entrance to the universe, a nearly pure group of splits has formed, and at the exit of the universe, a nearly pure group of joins has formed. Between those formations is an area with nearly equal concentrations of splits and joins. That is the area where we live. The particles and space that we are made of and can experience are all made of close to equal proportions of splits and joins.
An electron is a group of joins connected to a group of splits in a sort-of hourglass shape. The incoming paths by which the point of change arrives to the electron are mostly through its network of joins, which coalesces the many incoming paths into few. In the center of the electron, there is a clump of nodes with nearly equal concentrations of splits and joins, and then most of the outgoing paths lead out through the other half of the electron, a network of splits leading the point of change back out into the surrounding space.
The two charges, positive and negative, are formed because all the charged particles collaborate to make two realms in the greater, shared space: the realm dominated by paths leading out of and away from negatively charged particles and into positively charged ones; and the other realm, dominated by paths leaving the positive particles, and entering negative ones.
The two charge realms blend into each other. But because the nodes in the outgoing paths of a particle are much more likely to be moved toward an oppositely charged particle's incoming paths, in the same charge realm of space, than toward the other realm of space, (where the particle's own incoming paths are), a charged particle is stuck with the charge it has, because its network of joins is stuck in one realm of space and its network of splits in the other. (Hypothetically, if a particle's incoming and outgoing paths were each set up to straddle the divide, portioned equally between the realms, the particle would soon align one way or the other, when it is tipped off balance randomly.)
Positrons are exactly like electrons, except flipped the other way relative to the two charge realms.
Photons are made of a core of splits which branch out to an ever-expanding sphere of joins. The joins race outward, and the splits "inside" form their own separate space, disjoint from the greater shared space except where their incoming paths are attached, and at and near the joins in the expanding sphere of joins. At the sphere, there is a region made up of a blend of nodes of the photon's network of splits, the joins of the sphere, and the nodes of the greater, shared space.
Joins entering the photon through its incoming paths quickly move out through the network of splits and eventually become part of the sphere as it expands. The closer to the center of the network of splits a join is, the more attention it gets from the point of change when it comes through the photon, and so the faster it travels. (Each split diverts the point of change half the time, on average, halving the attention for a split just behind it.)
Joins of the photon that fall behind the rest of the sphere, by chance, become closer to the center of the network of splits inside the photon, and so get more visits by the point of change, which makes them catch up, or keep pace, with the rest of the sphere.
Most of the sphere of joins oscillates between the charge realms as it travels outward. The sphere of joins moves into and out of one charge realm, and then the other, as it expands. But, oscillating between the realms is a longer journey than travelling along only where the realms meet, where some part of the sphere or another is always forging ahead. And that makes the oscillating parts fall behind the fastest part.
So then, the part that oscillates gets helped by being closer to the center of the photon. How far the oscillating part is allowed to lag behind the forefront, before it gets enough attention from the point of change to keep pace with the rest of the sphere, is determined by how often the point of change comes through the photon, relative to the surrounding space. That is, the more energy a photon has, the less the oscillating part of its sphere lags, and the more times its sphere oscillates between the charge realms as it keeps pace with the fastest moving part of the sphere. This makes a shorter wavelength.
And, the less energy the photon has, the further back the ocsillating part of the sphere lags before it gets enough attention from the point of change to keep pace with the forefront. This makes a longer wavelength.
Energy is the average number of visits to a given node or set of nodes per cycle through the universe, by the point of change, taking into account revisits in the same cycle.
Distance is the number of nodes travelled through to get from somewhere to somewhere else, following the correct directions of the connections. There are many distances between any two places, coming and going, but usually, in the greater shared space, the shortest distances back and forth are close to equal ,except for some relatively few shortcuts, which make quantum entanglement possible. It doesn't matter how far through the shared space a connection seems to stretch - it is still just one step for the point of change, the shortest distance in the universe, which isn't really a distance at all, but a count of one node traversed.
Directions in space are paths through the nodes, following the directions of connections. From a single node's perspective, its connections are separate dimensions. A node "feels" like it's in three dimensions because of its three connections. Every path, of any length, through the nodes would be a separate dimension by itself, except that the paths might branch off and meet each other again, something that dimensions don't do. Also, what looks on paper like a zig-zaggy path through the nodes is, in effect, just another straight path through space from the point of change's perspective.
Angles are determined by how interwoven a set of paths is compared to another. If a set of paths are more interwoven, then they are packed into smaller angles of space. Or another way to look at it is, roughly: if any two paths, of unlimited length, are to be chosen randomly, starting out near the same starting place, what is the chance that the two paths will be chosen such that they intersect? The greater the chance of intersection, the closer the angle is between the two directions.
Momentum is the result of the outgoing paths of an object being more interwoven in some directions than in other directions. Joins of the object move down all the outgoing paths at once, pulling the rest of the object with them in all directions. But those same joins are also what hold the outgoing paths together, making them interwoven. So, where the joins are more concentrated, they pull the paths of that direction into smaller angles. And as the joins move along, they bring together the paths in space just ahead of the object, as they go.
The object is being pulled equally, on average, down each outgoing path. But a higher proportion of those paths are packed into some directions than others. Whereas, the incoming paths to the object are lengthening away from the object as it leaves them behind, but those paths are interwoven equally. The result is that the object feels no force acting on it, but moves constantly through space.
All of space and matter is made of the same thing: fields formed by the space of the web of interconnected splits and joins. Outgoing paths of an object lead away, but also lead back to incoming paths, which lead back to outgoing paths. A path from anywhere to anywhere else can almost always be found. And there are many, many nodes. What ends up mattering from our perspective is the concentration of splits versus joins in an area, and their "pressure", and the probability of them diffusing from one area to another, or in certain directions, perhaps taking formations with them.
Roughly described, when an object, A, bumps another object, B, the formation of joins which ventures ahead of A, interweaving A's outgoing paths and pulling A along, moves into and through B, mostly intact, leaving A behind. Their interconnectedness continues, mostly, depending on the consistency of B, and the direction of paths that they hold together also continues as it moves through B, and they keep their direction of pull. When the joins get to the far end of B, they participate in interweaving B's outgoing paths, compromising on a new direction of travel for B, and then they help pull B along. They never get too far ahead of B, because each join has the two incoming paths which connect back to B and thus they always pull part of B with them if they move, themselves.
Photons are reflected without a transfer of momentum. When enough joins in a local area of the expanding sphere get turned to any other direction, they start an exodus of adjacent parts of the sphere, directly back into the sphere, due to the sphere's cohesiveness. That part of the sphere turns in on itself, with an inverted partial sphere shape, a mirror image, growing and moving into the original sphere, in the direction toward the photon's origin.
Photons are often born from electrons. The clump of nodes in the center of an electron changes size according to the pressure of concentrations of splits and joins in the surrounding space. A change in the concentration and pressure of joins in the space near the electron allows a mass exodus of joins from the clump of nodes in the center of the electron. The joins race out, following the outgoing paths of the electron, and pull a network of splits after them, forming the photon. The oscillation of the photon's sphere is thus calibrated, so the whole sphere moves into one charge realm first.
Protons are two positrons and one electron in very close association, arranged so compactly that they change the space around them, pulling more incoming paths to them, thus increasing their energy/mass.
Example of a node rearrangement at the point of change:
Get a pencil with an eraser.
Draw a node, A. Draw two arrows leading to it and one arrow leading away from it. At the arrow leading away, draw another node, B. Draw another incoming arrow to B, leading from nowhere, and an outgoing arrow from B leading to nowhere. Draw another node, C, at the end of the outgoing arrow from B. Draw another node, D, at the beginning of the arrow leading into B. Draw two arrows leading away from C. Draw another node, E, at one of the arrows from C, and another node, F, from the other arrow from C. ( B is where the point of change is. It arrived from A. Now B is to be moved past C, in the direction of E, taking the node D with it) Erase the arrow from B to C. Erase the arrow from A to B, and redraw it from A to C. Erase the arrow from C to E. Redraw the arrow that used to be from B to C as a new arrow from B to E. Redraw the arrow that used to go from C to E so that it goes from C to B. B has moved, and the new position for the point of change is E.
Questions remain. This is about as far as I've gotten with this. There are particles to figure out, and a whole new field of science describing phenomena mathematically in terms of the random walks through the nodes. Also, some variations in how the node rearrangements are done may yield the same physical results as with how I've described, as seen on the scale of particles. In any case, copy this and send it to anyone, and/or use it to your own heart's content. I am a homeless guy and could use help, but I also don't want to mess with it anymore, and don't want to answer too many questions about it for my whole life, or have to hide from such questions. So, take it, if it's worth it!
The universe is a graph with two kinds of nodes connected by one-way connections. The two kinds of nodes are: "splits", which have one incoming connection and two outgoing connections; and "joins", with two incoming connections and one outgoing.
Change itself is what moves through the connections from node to node, following the correct directions. When change happens, the nodes aren't changed; only their connections to each other are changed, by being rearranged, with no loose ends left over.
The entire universe is motionless, except where a single "point of change" rearranges connections among some of the nodes near it. The point of change moves from node to node, sometimes rearranging connections as it goes:
When the point of change is at a split, there is a 50-50 chance that it will choose one path or the other to travel to, next. When the point of change is at any node, there is a 50-50 chance that that node will be moved past the one ahead of it, in the direction change moves. When a node is to be repositioned past a split, there is a 50-50 chance of putting it at one continuation or the other.
The node rearrangements are always the simplest possible, moving the fewest connections around to create the new arrangement. Any node moved will always keep a constant connection to one of the nodes it was connected with before, taking that node (and whatever nodes it is connected to) along with it.
The single point of change repeatedly moves through the universe, cycling through it. It enters the universe at the one single entrance, every cycle, and then it randomly wanders around until it finds its way out of the universe, through the one single exit every time.
Because joins have two ways for the point of change to arrive to them, they tend to move through space more than the splits near them. So, in a group of interconnected splits, a join will speed ahead and out of them, tending to purify that group of splits even further.
And similarly, in a group of joins, a split will be displaced backwards in the opposite direction that the point of change moves through there, because all the joins pass the split, making the set of joins more pure.
So, at the entrance to the universe, a nearly pure group of splits has formed, and at the exit of the universe, a nearly pure group of joins has formed. Between those formations is an area with nearly equal concentrations of splits and joins. That is the area where we live. The particles and space that we are made of and can experience are all made of close to equal proportions of splits and joins.
An electron is a group of joins connected to a group of splits in a sort-of hourglass shape. The incoming paths by which the point of change arrives to the electron are mostly through its network of joins, which coalesces the many incoming paths into few. In the center of the electron, there is a clump of nodes with nearly equal concentrations of splits and joins, and then most of the outgoing paths lead out through the other half of the electron, a network of splits leading the point of change back out into the surrounding space.
The two charges, positive and negative, are formed because all the charged particles collaborate to make two realms in the greater, shared space: the realm dominated by paths leading out of and away from negatively charged particles and into positively charged ones; and the other realm, dominated by paths leaving the positive particles, and entering negative ones.
The two charge realms blend into each other. But because the nodes in the outgoing paths of a particle are much more likely to be moved toward an oppositely charged particle's incoming paths, in the same charge realm of space, than toward the other realm of space, (where the particle's own incoming paths are), a charged particle is stuck with the charge it has, because its network of joins is stuck in one realm of space and its network of splits in the other. (Hypothetically, if a particle's incoming and outgoing paths were each set up to straddle the divide, portioned equally between the realms, the particle would soon align one way or the other, when it is tipped off balance randomly.)
Positrons are exactly like electrons, except flipped the other way relative to the two charge realms.
Photons are made of a core of splits which branch out to an ever-expanding sphere of joins. The joins race outward, and the splits "inside" form their own separate space, disjoint from the greater shared space except where their incoming paths are attached, and at and near the joins in the expanding sphere of joins. At the sphere, there is a region made up of a blend of nodes of the photon's network of splits, the joins of the sphere, and the nodes of the greater, shared space.
Joins entering the photon through its incoming paths quickly move out through the network of splits and eventually become part of the sphere as it expands. The closer to the center of the network of splits a join is, the more attention it gets from the point of change when it comes through the photon, and so the faster it travels. (Each split diverts the point of change half the time, on average, halving the attention for a split just behind it.)
Joins of the photon that fall behind the rest of the sphere, by chance, become closer to the center of the network of splits inside the photon, and so get more visits by the point of change, which makes them catch up, or keep pace, with the rest of the sphere.
Most of the sphere of joins oscillates between the charge realms as it travels outward. The sphere of joins moves into and out of one charge realm, and then the other, as it expands. But, oscillating between the realms is a longer journey than travelling along only where the realms meet, where some part of the sphere or another is always forging ahead. And that makes the oscillating parts fall behind the fastest part.
So then, the part that oscillates gets helped by being closer to the center of the photon. How far the oscillating part is allowed to lag behind the forefront, before it gets enough attention from the point of change to keep pace with the rest of the sphere, is determined by how often the point of change comes through the photon, relative to the surrounding space. That is, the more energy a photon has, the less the oscillating part of its sphere lags, and the more times its sphere oscillates between the charge realms as it keeps pace with the fastest moving part of the sphere. This makes a shorter wavelength.
And, the less energy the photon has, the further back the ocsillating part of the sphere lags before it gets enough attention from the point of change to keep pace with the forefront. This makes a longer wavelength.
Energy is the average number of visits to a given node or set of nodes per cycle through the universe, by the point of change, taking into account revisits in the same cycle.
Distance is the number of nodes travelled through to get from somewhere to somewhere else, following the correct directions of the connections. There are many distances between any two places, coming and going, but usually, in the greater shared space, the shortest distances back and forth are close to equal ,except for some relatively few shortcuts, which make quantum entanglement possible. It doesn't matter how far through the shared space a connection seems to stretch - it is still just one step for the point of change, the shortest distance in the universe, which isn't really a distance at all, but a count of one node traversed.
Directions in space are paths through the nodes, following the directions of connections. From a single node's perspective, its connections are separate dimensions. A node "feels" like it's in three dimensions because of its three connections. Every path, of any length, through the nodes would be a separate dimension by itself, except that the paths might branch off and meet each other again, something that dimensions don't do. Also, what looks on paper like a zig-zaggy path through the nodes is, in effect, just another straight path through space from the point of change's perspective.
Angles are determined by how interwoven a set of paths is compared to another. If a set of paths are more interwoven, then they are packed into smaller angles of space. Or another way to look at it is, roughly: if any two paths, of unlimited length, are to be chosen randomly, starting out near the same starting place, what is the chance that the two paths will be chosen such that they intersect? The greater the chance of intersection, the closer the angle is between the two directions.
Momentum is the result of the outgoing paths of an object being more interwoven in some directions than in other directions. Joins of the object move down all the outgoing paths at once, pulling the rest of the object with them in all directions. But those same joins are also what hold the outgoing paths together, making them interwoven. So, where the joins are more concentrated, they pull the paths of that direction into smaller angles. And as the joins move along, they bring together the paths in space just ahead of the object, as they go.
The object is being pulled equally, on average, down each outgoing path. But a higher proportion of those paths are packed into some directions than others. Whereas, the incoming paths to the object are lengthening away from the object as it leaves them behind, but those paths are interwoven equally. The result is that the object feels no force acting on it, but moves constantly through space.
All of space and matter is made of the same thing: fields formed by the space of the web of interconnected splits and joins. Outgoing paths of an object lead away, but also lead back to incoming paths, which lead back to outgoing paths. A path from anywhere to anywhere else can almost always be found. And there are many, many nodes. What ends up mattering from our perspective is the concentration of splits versus joins in an area, and their "pressure", and the probability of them diffusing from one area to another, or in certain directions, perhaps taking formations with them.
Roughly described, when an object, A, bumps another object, B, the formation of joins which ventures ahead of A, interweaving A's outgoing paths and pulling A along, moves into and through B, mostly intact, leaving A behind. Their interconnectedness continues, mostly, depending on the consistency of B, and the direction of paths that they hold together also continues as it moves through B, and they keep their direction of pull. When the joins get to the far end of B, they participate in interweaving B's outgoing paths, compromising on a new direction of travel for B, and then they help pull B along. They never get too far ahead of B, because each join has the two incoming paths which connect back to B and thus they always pull part of B with them if they move, themselves.
Photons are reflected without a transfer of momentum. When enough joins in a local area of the expanding sphere get turned to any other direction, they start an exodus of adjacent parts of the sphere, directly back into the sphere, due to the sphere's cohesiveness. That part of the sphere turns in on itself, with an inverted partial sphere shape, a mirror image, growing and moving into the original sphere, in the direction toward the photon's origin.
Photons are often born from electrons. The clump of nodes in the center of an electron changes size according to the pressure of concentrations of splits and joins in the surrounding space. A change in the concentration and pressure of joins in the space near the electron allows a mass exodus of joins from the clump of nodes in the center of the electron. The joins race out, following the outgoing paths of the electron, and pull a network of splits after them, forming the photon. The oscillation of the photon's sphere is thus calibrated, so the whole sphere moves into one charge realm first.
Protons are two positrons and one electron in very close association, arranged so compactly that they change the space around them, pulling more incoming paths to them, thus increasing their energy/mass.
Example of a node rearrangement at the point of change:
Get a pencil with an eraser.
Draw a node, A. Draw two arrows leading to it and one arrow leading away from it. At the arrow leading away, draw another node, B. Draw another incoming arrow to B, leading from nowhere, and an outgoing arrow from B leading to nowhere. Draw another node, C, at the end of the outgoing arrow from B. Draw another node, D, at the beginning of the arrow leading into B. Draw two arrows leading away from C. Draw another node, E, at one of the arrows from C, and another node, F, from the other arrow from C. ( B is where the point of change is. It arrived from A. Now B is to be moved past C, in the direction of E, taking the node D with it) Erase the arrow from B to C. Erase the arrow from A to B, and redraw it from A to C. Erase the arrow from C to E. Redraw the arrow that used to be from B to C as a new arrow from B to E. Redraw the arrow that used to go from C to E so that it goes from C to B. B has moved, and the new position for the point of change is E.
Questions remain. This is about as far as I've gotten with this. There are particles to figure out, and a whole new field of science describing phenomena mathematically in terms of the random walks through the nodes. Also, some variations in how the node rearrangements are done may yield the same physical results as with how I've described, as seen on the scale of particles. In any case, copy this and send it to anyone, and/or use it to your own heart's content. I am a homeless guy and could use help, but I also don't want to mess with it anymore, and don't want to answer too many questions about it for my whole life, or have to hide from such questions. So, take it, if it's worth it!
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Re: Introduction to the new TOE
Tue, January 3, 2006 - 8:54 PMHow strange. I used to know a guy in the UK called Mark Lawson (not the broadcaster) who had a theory that sounded a bit like this. Any connection?
I haven't really absorbed it all yet. But I guess my question is whether this is mainly an empirical theory or a mathematical one? In other words, does it make new, surprising predictions about the universe? Or is it about showing how expressive a modelling language based on splits and joins could be?
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Re: Introduction to the new TOE
Wed, January 4, 2006 - 7:23 PMSounds a lot like a Pi Calculus theory of the universe. Very interesting though. Are there papers etc on the subject? -
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Re: Introduction to the new TOE
Thu, January 5, 2006 - 10:33 AMThanks... The closest I've seen is the book "A New Kind of Science" by Stephan Wolfram, I think it is. Apparently there are a lot of thoughts right now along this line. I didn't read the whole book, but I think he nearly hits upon this same idea.
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Re: Introduction to the new TOE
Thu, January 5, 2006 - 10:58 AMThe questions of the times are floating around everywhere right now; other people, too, have told me that they have had similar ideas, and I think it's because physics, as toyed with by physicists, has been unsatisfying since the dawn of language. Is there a danger of too much closure, if we finally get it right?
As to whether it is mathematical or empirical, I think it will end up being both. I'm not a mathematician, but come from an AI background. But I think that this theory can be used to predict new particles that we haven't found yet, as well as more fully or simply explain the ones that we have already found. I think it will take some calculus, and/or computer modelling, to better understand the particles' size and structure, predicting masses exactly, maybe.
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