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From Ghost Mines
The following substances should be suspended in a polar solvent like Methanol, Methyl Ethyl Chloride, or Ethanol. To suspend, place a saturation amount in a limited volume container and sit or stir overnight... longer mix times are better. Please not that most polar solvents have somme helth issues attached to them, and should only be handled with gloves and in well ventillated areas.
Colour| . . . |Compound name| . . . |Chemical formula
Red . | . . . |Strontium nitrate| . . . |SrNO3
Red . | . . . |Strontium carbonate| . . . |SrCO3
Orange| . . . |Calcium chloride| . . . |CaCl2
Orange| . . . |Hydrated calcium sulfate| . . . |CaSO4(H2O)x*
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Charcoal powder| . . . |C
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Iron powder with carbon| . . . |Fe+C
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Sodium nitrate| . . . |NaNO3
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Cryolite| . . . |Na3AlF6
Green| . . . |Barium chloride| . . . |BaCl2
Green| . . . |Barium carbonate| . . . |BaCO3
Green| . . . |Barium nitrate| . . . |Ba(NO3)2
Green| . . . |Barium oxalate| . . . |BaC2O4
Blue . | . . . |Copper(I) chloride| . . . |CuCl
Blue . | . . . |Copper(II) oxide| . . . |CuO
Blue . | . . . |Copper carbonate| . . . |CuCO3
Purple| . . . |Combination of red and blue compounds| . . . |Sr+Cu
Purple| . . . |Rubidium compounds (rarely used)| . . . |Rb
Silver/White| . . . |Aluminium powder| . . . |Al
Silver/White| . . . |Magnesium powder| . . . |Mg
Silver/White| . . . |Titanium powder| . . . |Ti
The * indicates that the compound will burn orange where x=0,2,3,5.
The color blue is notoriously difficult to produce in fireworks, as the copper compounds need to burn at a specific temperature for the optimal shade of blue to be produced. Thus, a deep, rich blue is usually viewed as the mark of an experienced fireworks maker.
The following substances should be suspended in a polar solvent like Methanol, Methyl Ethyl Chloride, or Ethanol. To suspend, place a saturation amount in a limited volume container and sit or stir overnight... longer mix times are better. Please not that most polar solvents have somme helth issues attached to them, and should only be handled with gloves and in well ventillated areas.
Colour| . . . |Compound name| . . . |Chemical formula
Red . | . . . |Strontium nitrate| . . . |SrNO3
Red . | . . . |Strontium carbonate| . . . |SrCO3
Orange| . . . |Calcium chloride| . . . |CaCl2
Orange| . . . |Hydrated calcium sulfate| . . . |CaSO4(H2O)x*
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Charcoal powder| . . . |C
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Iron powder with carbon| . . . |Fe+C
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Sodium nitrate| . . . |NaNO3
Gold/Yellow| . . . |Cryolite| . . . |Na3AlF6
Green| . . . |Barium chloride| . . . |BaCl2
Green| . . . |Barium carbonate| . . . |BaCO3
Green| . . . |Barium nitrate| . . . |Ba(NO3)2
Green| . . . |Barium oxalate| . . . |BaC2O4
Blue . | . . . |Copper(I) chloride| . . . |CuCl
Blue . | . . . |Copper(II) oxide| . . . |CuO
Blue . | . . . |Copper carbonate| . . . |CuCO3
Purple| . . . |Combination of red and blue compounds| . . . |Sr+Cu
Purple| . . . |Rubidium compounds (rarely used)| . . . |Rb
Silver/White| . . . |Aluminium powder| . . . |Al
Silver/White| . . . |Magnesium powder| . . . |Mg
Silver/White| . . . |Titanium powder| . . . |Ti
The * indicates that the compound will burn orange where x=0,2,3,5.
The color blue is notoriously difficult to produce in fireworks, as the copper compounds need to burn at a specific temperature for the optimal shade of blue to be produced. Thus, a deep, rich blue is usually viewed as the mark of an experienced fireworks maker.
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Health hazards of coloured flames.
Wed, June 14, 2006 - 5:33 PMFacts:
1) MEK and other polar solvents are extremely dangerous and extremely flammable. Methanol as well, but slightly less so.
2) Gloves will not always keep you safe. Butyl Rubber and Teflon gloves are suggested for safe handling of high power solvents like MEK. Do not assume that latex or purple gloves will do anything without consulting legitimate information
3) Proper ventilation must be used in any step where there are fumes (the whole time). Proper ventilation is not opening your garage door. It means that you should never smell the substance.
4) Many of the chemicals used are heavy metals or otherwise highly toxic compounds that will not be stopped by a simple respirator when burning. Special filter elements are required which do not last long and are quite expensive.
5) Many of these chemicals count as hazmat. Look up local laws and regulations prior to transportation.
6) these chemicals are hazardous to the environment and dumping (pouring) them over open ground is against the law and highly unethical.
7) Many of the colouring agents are oxidizers, which makes fire supression a whole new game, and the flame temperatures much higher.
8) Most of the colouring agents cause nitrogen oxides and metal salts when burning. Each one affects the body differently. MSDS sheets are plenty and frightening.
Disclaimers:
Some of the potential solvents/fuels are not nearly as bad as others, for instance, Ethanol is relatively safe, not hazardous material, and does not cause too much bodily harm. That said, it is not often used because of cost, and it's poor fuel properties. Keep in mind, though, Anhydrous ethanol is toxic and should not be treated like "Golden Grain".
I am not a chemist. Most of the MSDS sheets are beynd my level of comprehension.
In terms of masks: It appears that dust masks are acceptable while mixing the chemicals.
Almost all MSDS sheets say that type R or P respirators are required if it's burning.
Remember the spectators!
Relevant MSDS sheets:
Methanol: ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/ME/methyl_alcohol.html
Methyl Ethyl Chloride: ???
Methyl Ethyl Ketone: www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/M4628.htm
Strontium Nitrate: www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/S6962.htm
Barium Nitrate:www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/B0375.htm
Generic MSDS search page: www.mallbaker.com/Americas/ca.../default.asp
Glove info: physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/glovesbychemical.html
Respirator info: None yet -
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Thu, June 15, 2006 - 3:33 PMI am a chemist (biochemist, actually), and I could be willing to consult an MSDS if anyone would like my help. (message me)
In terms of MSDS, the source of the chemical is almost important as the composition. Some boric acid is 'food-grade', others will give you nasty contact dermatitis. Read the MSDS for the specific bottle or batch number, not just the MSDS for the same chemical from another supplier or product- each MSDS is for what is in the bottle, impurities included. It should also be noted that some MSDS list chemicals as more dangerous than they actually are, as testing is required to show them to be safe.
I would not recommend using anything but ethanol as a solvent, preferably lab grade 95% (190 proof, with the 5% being water).
Alcohol basics- ethanol cannot be distilled above 95% without addition of other hydrphobics, which in most cases are nasty (200 proof usually contains a small quantity of benzene). Ethanol can be made by fermentation-distillation, or from natural gas. Fermentation is preferable if you plan on breathing the fumes. Denatured alcohol includes methanol (basically everything one might purchase at a hardware store contains small quantities of methanol to prevent people from drinking it). It should also be noted that methanol and most alcohols are easily absorbed through the skin. Methanol is metabolized into formaldehyde in the body (humans and chimpanzees are the only animals that deal poorly with methanol, so rat or mouse MSDS data is useless- of note most methyl-ester biodiesel is wrongly listed as non-toxic for this very reason). Contact is to be avoided, though most people can handle small doses with no issue. Methanol is eliminated from the body only by excretion (kidneys to urine), and as the metabolic pathway that breaks methanol down into the toxic product formaldehyde is the same pathway that breaks down ethanol, high-dose exposure to methanol is treated by giving the patient large quantities of ethanol (please consult poison control).
My non-expert opinion is that the small quantities of methanol present in denatured alcohol present only a minimal health risk for use as a solvent fuel, though exposure should be limited, and this risk is likely to be less significant compared to the risks associated with the chemicals dissolved in this fuel. If possible, lab grade 95% ethyl-alcohol should be used, though it may be difficult to obtain. 100% lab grade alcohol should never be used as a solvent fuel. -
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Sun, June 18, 2006 - 9:38 PMI'm confused. Are the chemicals you light on fire or mix with fuel and then light? And where do you get these chemicals anyhow? -
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Sun, June 18, 2006 - 10:38 PMThe ones I listed could be used either way. The Ghost Mines folks like to mix with denatured alcohol and put it in a bowl to burn next to walkways and such. Most chemicals require suspension in a liquid though to work.
Getting the chemicals is the hard part. Ghost Mines sells many of them, as do Tri-Ess sciences. Some are restricted, and some are just plain dangerous. -
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Mon, June 19, 2006 - 1:48 PMSo if I wanted to spin some poi with different colored flames, what would be the best/SAFEST way to do that? -
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Mon, June 19, 2006 - 2:11 PMYou can buy colored fuel from reputable companies. eOil Candles is one that I've worked with. the colors may not be as vivid as home made mixes, but the pay off is in tested safety. -
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This post was deleted by Tedward
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Mon, June 19, 2006 - 5:53 PMMost chemicals can be purchased from fisher (fishersci.com) with a credit card. Shipping should not be an issue as long as it is nothing hazardous, which you should not be using for this purpose regardless.
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Sun, October 1, 2006 - 9:53 AMI am curious. Does the eOil Candles lamp oil have basically the same properties as standard lamp oil when you spin with it? And is it possible to make a mixture that will allow for a brighter burn, though possibly less color? -
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Re: Health hazards of coloured flames.
Sun, October 1, 2006 - 10:33 AMNo, more light kills the color almost instantly.
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