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Double Digging
I know it's not permaculture, but this is an animated GIF I created for en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biointensive, showing the basic technique for "double digging" as popularized by Alan Chadwick and others. Double-digging uses a spade and fork to loosen soil more deeply than usual, while disturbing soil layers less. Loose soil has better drainage and aeration, to improve the ability of plants and other organisms to work their magic: creating, holding and finding what they need.

2 Comments
Kind of a milatary " turn that dirt over in the hole, it's upside down" kind of a thing