1.) The Gregorian Calendar
2.) Today's date in Mayan notation
3.) The Long Count
4.) The 260 (13x20) day cycle
5.) The Haab
6.) The Calendar Round
7.) The 9 "Lords of the Underworld"
8.) The Correlation Constant
1.) The Gregorian calendar is now used in most of the world.
First proposed by Aloysius Lilius and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII on February 24th 1582, the Gregorian calendar is a modification of the Julian calendar, introduced in 46BC by Julius Caesar who consulted Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes for its design. Their difference? When there are leap years.
The Julian calendar has a February with 29 days every year divisible by four, like 1916, 2008, etc.
The system for leap years in the Gregorian calendar is as follows: Every year divisible by 4, like 1960, 1984, and so on, has a February with 29 days, unless the year is also divisible by 100, like 1800 or 1900, in which case February still has 28 days, unless the year is also divisible by 400, like 1600 or 2000, and then February has 29 days anyway.
Today is Wednesday, June 14th, 2006 in the Gregorian calendar.
The Gregorian calendar has various cycles. A week is a cycle of seven days, and with Monday as 1, today would be 3. There are 12 months, each with days of 28, 29, 30, or 31. Today's date is 14, and June would be numbered 6. There are also years, with the 1 point being the time of a supposed date of a birth (there is no year zero when using AD and BC, which is why 0.0.0.0.0 in the Mayan calendar with the 584283 correlation constant can be written either -3113 or 3114BC).
Thinking of it this way, and with the largest cycle first, today's date could be written 2006.6.14 3 (the 6th month's 14th day, 3rd day of the week).
2.) Today is 12.19.13.6.18 1Etznab 11Zotz G3 in the Mayan calendar.
The Mayan calendar has various cycles. The above date (left to right) is the Long Count, with the Calendar Round, and today's "unnamed" glyph (the 13th baktun's 20th katun's 14th tun's 7th uinal's 19th kin, 1st day of the of the trecena, 12th day of the 4th "month" of the Haab, and 3rd "Lord of the Underworld".)
3.) The numbers of the Long Count belong to the following cycles:
12 - baktun 19 - katun 13 - tun 6 - uinal 18 - kin
(kin, tun, and katun are numbered from 0 to 19, and uinal are numbered from 0 to 17)
baktun = 20 katun (144,000 days) approx. 394 years
katun = 20 tun (7,200 days) approx 20 years
tun = 18 uinal (360 days) approx. 1 year
uinal = 20 kin (20 days)
kin = 1 day
This means when we get to 13.0.0.0.0 it will be December 21, 2012.
4.) The twenty kin also relate to a 260 day cycle known as the Tzolkin (not its original name, but one widely used today). The numbers are called trecena, and the signs veintena (also not original names, but also widely used). Much knowledge was lost, hidden, or obscured due to the centuries of colonialism in the Americas; though names existed or may even still be known by some persons, many original terms remain unpublished and I use commonly used words to be more easily understood.
The days in Yucatec (with English approximations) are:
0 Ahau (flower/sun)
1 Imix (alligator/waterlilly)
2 Ik (wind)
3 Akbal (house/night)
4 Kan (lizard)
5 Chikchan (snake)
6 Kimi (death)
7 Manik (hand/deer)
8 Lamat (star/rabbit)
9 Muluk (water/raindrop)
10 Ok (dog)
11 Chuen (monkey)
12 Eb (grass/tooth)
13 Ben (reed)
14 Ix (jaguar)
15 Men (eagle)
16 Kib (vulture)
17 Kaban (quake/thunder)
18 Etznab (knife)
19 Kawak (storm/rain)
There are 13 numbers in this cycle (13 x 20 = 260).
After 6imix is 7ik, before 1kib is 13men, etc. Today is 1Etznab. Yesterday was 13Kaban. Tomorrow is 2Kawak.
The 13 Moons calendar borrows the Tzolkin number and sign combinations with the numbers as attributes (i.e. 8 is "galactic", 2 is "lunar") and signs renamed (Kimi [Death] is "World-Bridger", Ben [Reed] is "Skywalker"), but I disregard these namings. It's not what they are. It would be like me calling Scorpio "Belief-Seeking Giawalker" or Gemini "Accepting Story-Listener".
5.) The Haab is a 365 day cycle with 18 "months" of 20 days (numbered 0 to 19) and 5 extra days (known as Uayab); 18 times 20 plus 5 = 365. The Haab are apparently not given numbers (i.e. the year of 2006).
Today is 11Zotz. Tomorrow is 12Zotz, and the day after is 13Zotz.The Haab's "months" are:
Pohp
Uo
Zip
Zotz
Zec
Xul
Yaxkin
Mol
Chen
Yax
Zac
Keh
Mac
Kankin
Muwan
Pax
Kayab
Kumku
Uayab (five days long, 0 to 4)
6.) The combination of the Tzolkin and Haab repeat every 52 years minus 13 days (today's 1Etznab 11Zotz will next appear Saturday, June 1, 2058).
In the Gregorian calendar, the average 52 years is 39 regular years of 365 days (14, 235 days) plus 13 leap years of 366 days (4,758 days), adding up to 18, 993 days.
In the Mayan calendar, after one Calendar Round (52 Haab or 73 Tzolkin, 18, 980 days) if one trecena of 13 days is added, it adds up to 18, 993 days.
7.) I do not know much about the 9 "unnamed" glyphs, other than that there are nine of them and they are dubbed the "Lords of the Underworld". 9 divides the tun (360 days) into 40 parts, though. Today is G3. Tomorrow is G4.
8.) The correlation constant is a set of numbers indicating which Gregorian calendar date falls on which day in the Mayan calendar. I use I. Van Laningham's Mayan Calendar Tools to figure out the dates, but I change the default 584285 c.c. ("Lounsbury") to 584283 ("Goodman-Martinez-Thompson"), because the latter aligns with the reckoning still kept in the highlands of Guatemala to this day (I figure, as they are the decendants of those who created the calendar, they among anyone should know when's when).
June 14th, 2006, using the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation constant of 584283 is 12.19.13.6.18 and with the Lounsbury c.c. it is 12.19.13.6.16 (with the G-M-T c.c. 13.0.0.0.0 falls on the solstice, and with the Lounsbury c.c. of 584285 it does not).
Sources and resources:
I. Van Laningham's Mayan Calendar Tools - www.pauahtun.org/Calendar/tools.html
These python-coded tools made this information much easier to compile, and has stuff about the cycles and glyphs. It also lets one choose the correlation constant (see above).
Claus Tøndering's Frequently Asked Questions About Calendars - www.tondering.dk/claus/calendar.html
Much about the Julian, Gregorian, Hebrew, Islamic, Persian, French Revolutionary, Mayan and Chinese calendars.
Data Services - aa.usno.navy.mil/data/
From the Astronomical Applications department of the U.S. Navy (!), one can find useful information on dates, locations, and phases of various things, such as solstices, equinoxes, the moon, the sun, etc.
The Planet Art Network (13 Moons Calendar) - www.tortuga.com/eng/
About the 13 Moons Calendar and associated peace movement.
2.) Today's date in Mayan notation
3.) The Long Count
4.) The 260 (13x20) day cycle
5.) The Haab
6.) The Calendar Round
7.) The 9 "Lords of the Underworld"
8.) The Correlation Constant
1.) The Gregorian calendar is now used in most of the world.
First proposed by Aloysius Lilius and decreed by Pope Gregory XIII on February 24th 1582, the Gregorian calendar is a modification of the Julian calendar, introduced in 46BC by Julius Caesar who consulted Alexandrian astronomer Sosigenes for its design. Their difference? When there are leap years.
The Julian calendar has a February with 29 days every year divisible by four, like 1916, 2008, etc.
The system for leap years in the Gregorian calendar is as follows: Every year divisible by 4, like 1960, 1984, and so on, has a February with 29 days, unless the year is also divisible by 100, like 1800 or 1900, in which case February still has 28 days, unless the year is also divisible by 400, like 1600 or 2000, and then February has 29 days anyway.
Today is Wednesday, June 14th, 2006 in the Gregorian calendar.
The Gregorian calendar has various cycles. A week is a cycle of seven days, and with Monday as 1, today would be 3. There are 12 months, each with days of 28, 29, 30, or 31. Today's date is 14, and June would be numbered 6. There are also years, with the 1 point being the time of a supposed date of a birth (there is no year zero when using AD and BC, which is why 0.0.0.0.0 in the Mayan calendar with the 584283 correlation constant can be written either -3113 or 3114BC).
Thinking of it this way, and with the largest cycle first, today's date could be written 2006.6.14 3 (the 6th month's 14th day, 3rd day of the week).
2.) Today is 12.19.13.6.18 1Etznab 11Zotz G3 in the Mayan calendar.
The Mayan calendar has various cycles. The above date (left to right) is the Long Count, with the Calendar Round, and today's "unnamed" glyph (the 13th baktun's 20th katun's 14th tun's 7th uinal's 19th kin, 1st day of the of the trecena, 12th day of the 4th "month" of the Haab, and 3rd "Lord of the Underworld".)
3.) The numbers of the Long Count belong to the following cycles:
12 - baktun 19 - katun 13 - tun 6 - uinal 18 - kin
(kin, tun, and katun are numbered from 0 to 19, and uinal are numbered from 0 to 17)
baktun = 20 katun (144,000 days) approx. 394 years
katun = 20 tun (7,200 days) approx 20 years
tun = 18 uinal (360 days) approx. 1 year
uinal = 20 kin (20 days)
kin = 1 day
This means when we get to 13.0.0.0.0 it will be December 21, 2012.
4.) The twenty kin also relate to a 260 day cycle known as the Tzolkin (not its original name, but one widely used today). The numbers are called trecena, and the signs veintena (also not original names, but also widely used). Much knowledge was lost, hidden, or obscured due to the centuries of colonialism in the Americas; though names existed or may even still be known by some persons, many original terms remain unpublished and I use commonly used words to be more easily understood.
The days in Yucatec (with English approximations) are:
0 Ahau (flower/sun)
1 Imix (alligator/waterlilly)
2 Ik (wind)
3 Akbal (house/night)
4 Kan (lizard)
5 Chikchan (snake)
6 Kimi (death)
7 Manik (hand/deer)
8 Lamat (star/rabbit)
9 Muluk (water/raindrop)
10 Ok (dog)
11 Chuen (monkey)
12 Eb (grass/tooth)
13 Ben (reed)
14 Ix (jaguar)
15 Men (eagle)
16 Kib (vulture)
17 Kaban (quake/thunder)
18 Etznab (knife)
19 Kawak (storm/rain)
There are 13 numbers in this cycle (13 x 20 = 260).
After 6imix is 7ik, before 1kib is 13men, etc. Today is 1Etznab. Yesterday was 13Kaban. Tomorrow is 2Kawak.
The 13 Moons calendar borrows the Tzolkin number and sign combinations with the numbers as attributes (i.e. 8 is "galactic", 2 is "lunar") and signs renamed (Kimi [Death] is "World-Bridger", Ben [Reed] is "Skywalker"), but I disregard these namings. It's not what they are. It would be like me calling Scorpio "Belief-Seeking Giawalker" or Gemini "Accepting Story-Listener".
5.) The Haab is a 365 day cycle with 18 "months" of 20 days (numbered 0 to 19) and 5 extra days (known as Uayab); 18 times 20 plus 5 = 365. The Haab are apparently not given numbers (i.e. the year of 2006).
Today is 11Zotz. Tomorrow is 12Zotz, and the day after is 13Zotz.The Haab's "months" are:
Pohp
Uo
Zip
Zotz
Zec
Xul
Yaxkin
Mol
Chen
Yax
Zac
Keh
Mac
Kankin
Muwan
Pax
Kayab
Kumku
Uayab (five days long, 0 to 4)
6.) The combination of the Tzolkin and Haab repeat every 52 years minus 13 days (today's 1Etznab 11Zotz will next appear Saturday, June 1, 2058).
In the Gregorian calendar, the average 52 years is 39 regular years of 365 days (14, 235 days) plus 13 leap years of 366 days (4,758 days), adding up to 18, 993 days.
In the Mayan calendar, after one Calendar Round (52 Haab or 73 Tzolkin, 18, 980 days) if one trecena of 13 days is added, it adds up to 18, 993 days.
7.) I do not know much about the 9 "unnamed" glyphs, other than that there are nine of them and they are dubbed the "Lords of the Underworld". 9 divides the tun (360 days) into 40 parts, though. Today is G3. Tomorrow is G4.
8.) The correlation constant is a set of numbers indicating which Gregorian calendar date falls on which day in the Mayan calendar. I use I. Van Laningham's Mayan Calendar Tools to figure out the dates, but I change the default 584285 c.c. ("Lounsbury") to 584283 ("Goodman-Martinez-Thompson"), because the latter aligns with the reckoning still kept in the highlands of Guatemala to this day (I figure, as they are the decendants of those who created the calendar, they among anyone should know when's when).
June 14th, 2006, using the Goodman-Martinez-Thompson correlation constant of 584283 is 12.19.13.6.18 and with the Lounsbury c.c. it is 12.19.13.6.16 (with the G-M-T c.c. 13.0.0.0.0 falls on the solstice, and with the Lounsbury c.c. of 584285 it does not).
Sources and resources:
I. Van Laningham's Mayan Calendar Tools - www.pauahtun.org/Calendar/tools.html
These python-coded tools made this information much easier to compile, and has stuff about the cycles and glyphs. It also lets one choose the correlation constant (see above).
Claus Tøndering's Frequently Asked Questions About Calendars - www.tondering.dk/claus/calendar.html
Much about the Julian, Gregorian, Hebrew, Islamic, Persian, French Revolutionary, Mayan and Chinese calendars.
Data Services - aa.usno.navy.mil/data/
From the Astronomical Applications department of the U.S. Navy (!), one can find useful information on dates, locations, and phases of various things, such as solstices, equinoxes, the moon, the sun, etc.
The Planet Art Network (13 Moons Calendar) - www.tortuga.com/eng/
About the 13 Moons Calendar and associated peace movement.
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